Can you run your car without a water cap?
Not for very long - the cap seals the cooling system and allows it to pressurise. The thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines increases with higher internal temperatures, the coolant (normally a mix of water and ethylene glycol) is kept at higher-than-atmospheric pressure to increase its boiling point.
Thus the coolant is able to remain liquid at higher temperatures. With no cap the coolant can vaporise and escape, quickly resulting in an overheating engine.
Severe engine damage can be caused by overheating, by overloading or system defect, when the coolant is evaporated to a level below the water pump
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